This image is the cover for the book Facing the Abyss

Facing the Abyss

With 352 years separating the defeat of the Spanish Armada and the Battle of Britain, how could they be similar? Astonishingly, through the introduction of new and innovative designs for their ships and guns, and the fighter aircraft and their command and control system, the English Navy, in 1588, and the Royal Air Force, in 1940, were able to dictate both battles. Their success led to a new type of naval warfare that remained largely unchanged from 1588 until the start of the Second World War and the realization that aerial warfare would dominate many battlefields from 1940 to the present day.


Behind the headlines, there lay many fascinating stories including European history, power struggles, the threat of invasion, myths and legends, and heroes and villains. By including the stories behind many of these, the reader will gain a better insight into the rightful place of both battles in history.

Mike Leddra

Mike is a retired geology lecturer and STEM coordinator with a passion for history and a love of old military aircraft. Having grown up living close to RAF Biggin Hill, which is known as β€˜the Home of the Battle of Britain,’ stories of this momentous air battle fascinated him.


Facing the Abyss: Two Decisive Battles for Britain was inspired by watching the film Elizabeth the Golden Age in 2007. Mike was struck by similarities between the fight against the Spanish Armada and the Battle of Britain. In 2008, he commenced a journey of research to discover whether these perceived views were indeed true.

Austin Macauley Publishers