NOTES TO THE READER

The following may help readers who are unfamiliar with the topics discussed in this book.

ABOUT HORSES

1. Many horse and horse racing terms are defined in the glossary beginning on page 221.

2. Racing statistics are formatted as in this example: (20:11-6-1). The first number is the total races the horse has run, numbers after the colon are the races where the horse finished first, second, or third.

3. Horse parentage is shown as (Sire name x Dam name). Horses are “by” their sire and “out of ” their dam.

4. Horse names can be confusing, particularly as it was once popular to name racehorses after actual people. One example was Sam Lucas, Marcus Daly’s farm trainer. Daly honored him by naming a horse “Sam Lucas.” Further confusion occurs because multiple horses sometimes had the same name (such as Strideaway)—or one horse might be given different names over his or her lifetime (such as Mambrino Diamond, also called Black Diamond).

NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE

America’s First People have many distinct cultures, languages and historic experiences. I acknowledge my understanding is incomplete and apologize in advance for my errors. Speaking generally, “Native” (deliberately capitalized) and “American Indian” are used colloquially, and use herein is intended with respect. Academics prefer “Native American,” and “Indian” has a specific meaning in U.S. law.

When possible, I describe people by tribal affiliation. Sometimes historic records or unclear sources limit my options, and words used sometimes vary with context. For example, “Crow Indian Reservation” is a legal entity; the people living there ask to be called Apsáalooke. For the Blackfoot Confederacy (Niitsitapi), “Blackfoot” describes the Canadian Kainai (“Bloods”) and Siksika; while “Blackfeet” is used in the United States for the Piikani/Amskapi Pikuni (previously “Piegan”).

Monetary conversions to current value are from MeasuringWorth.com. The most conservative estimates are given in most cases.

PHOTOS

Some photo credits are abbreviated as follows. My thanks to all who provided images:

Allen: Gene and Bev Allen, Helena

Barrett: Bob and Lisa Barrett, Helena

Daly: Daly Mansion, Hamilton

Elison: Elison family, Missoula

GF: The History Museum, Great Falls

GHM: Gallatin History Museum, Bozeman

Hinton: Toni Hinton and Jim Johnson, Missoula

LOC: Library of Congress

MOR: Museum of the Rockies, Bozeman

Overholser: Overholser Historical Research Center, Fort Benton

PCM: Powell County Museum and Arts Foundation, Deer Lodge

Peters: Photography by Mary Peters

RCM: Ravalli County Museum, Hamilton

RR: Range Riders’ Museum, Miles City.

TBHAM: Twin Bridges Historical Association Museum

Tomaskie: John and Beverly Tomaskie, Helena

Wahler: Photography by Brenda Wahler

Wilson: Suzy Wilson, Fort Worth, Texas

WMTC: Western Montana Turf Club, Missoula

YCM: Yellowstone County Museum, Billings